EGFR Expression in Gallbladder Carcinoma in North America
Kaufman, M., Mehrotra, B., Limaye, S., White, S., Fuchs, A., Lebowicz, Y., Nissel-Horowitz, S., Thomas, A. (2008) International Journal of Medical Sciences.
Expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the phosphorylated EGFR in invasive breast carcinomas
Magkou, C., Nakopoulou, L., Zoubouli, C., Karali, K., Theohari, I., Bakarakos, P., Giannopoulou, I. (2008) Breast Cancer Research : BCR.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 1. Immunohistochemisty of EGFR and pEGFR in invasive breast carcinoma. Intense membrane staining of (a) EGFR (ABC/HRPX200) and of (b) pEGFR (ABC/HRPX400) in two cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma. EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; pEGFR, phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor.
Functional analysis of cancer-associated EGFR mutants using a cellular assay with YFP-tagged EGFR intracellular domain
de Gunst, M., Gallegos-Ruiz, M., Giaccone, G., Rodriguez, J. (2007) Molecular Cancer.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 3. Evaluating erlotinib sensitivity of EGFR mutants in the context of YFP-EGFR-ICD. A. Representative examples of MCF-7 cells expressing YFP-EGFR-ICD wild type, Del746 or Del746/T790M (green), stained for endogenous phosphorylated Akt (red). Cells were treated for 20 hours with the indicated... Show Full CaptionFigure 3. Evaluating erlotinib sensitivity of EGFR mutants in the context of YFP-EGFR-ICD. A. Representative examples of MCF-7 cells expressing YFP-EGFR-ICD wild type, Del746 or Del746/T790M (green), stained for endogenous phosphorylated Akt (red). Cells were treated for 20 hours with the indicated concentration of erlotinib. The different response of each EGFR variant to erlotinib treatment is readily visualized by immunoflourescence. YFP-EGFR-ICD wild type does not induce Akt phosphorylation, and relocates into thick cytoplasmic fibrils at 10 μM erlotinib. One thousand-fold lower concentration of the drug (10 nM) inhibited Del746-induced Akt phosphorylation, and caused fibrilar relocation of the ectopic protein. The double mutant Del746/T790M did not form fibrils and induced Akt phosphorylation even in the presence of 10 μM erlotinib. B. Images show that YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746 (green) remains phosphorylated at Y1092 (red) after relocating into fibrils in the presence of erlotinib. Shorten Caption
Functional analysis of cancer-associated EGFR mutants using a cellular assay with YFP-tagged EGFR intracellular domain
de Gunst, M., Gallegos-Ruiz, M., Giaccone, G., Rodriguez, J. (2007) Molecular Cancer.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 1. Common NSCLC-associated EGFR mutations lead to increased autophosphorylation of an YFP-tagged EGFR intracellular domain. A. Schematic representation of full-length EGFR and YFP-EGFR-ICD. The amino acid numbering includes the 24 residues of the signal peptide. YFP-EGFR-ICD contains the tyrosine... Show Full CaptionFigure 1. Common NSCLC-associated EGFR mutations lead to increased autophosphorylation of an YFP-tagged EGFR intracellular domain. A. Schematic representation of full-length EGFR and YFP-EGFR-ICD. The amino acid numbering includes the 24 residues of the signal peptide. YFP-EGFR-ICD contains the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain and part of the regulatory region (Reg), but lacks the extracellular and juxtamembrane (JM) domains. B. Expression of YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746 induces morphological changes in MCF-7 cells. Unlike cells transfected with wild type (WT) YFP-EGFR-ICD, MCF-7 cells expressing YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746 frequently show long lamellipodial protrusions (arrowheads). C Using immunofluorescence, increased autophosphorylation of YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746 at tyrosine residues Y869 (left set of panels) and Y1092 (right set of panels) can be detected. Phosphorylation is virtually undetectable in cells expressing YFP-EGFR-ICD WT. Images were taken using 160 × magnification and the exposure time indicated inside the panels. The fluorescent signal was consistently brighter using the anti-pY1092 antibody (note the shorter exposure time used). D. Semi-quantitative comparison of YFP-EGFR-ICD autophosphorylation level using computer-assisted image analysis. Images of several transfected cells (400 × magnification) were taken using 40 ms (YFP) or 160 ms (AF-594) exposure times. The fluorescence intensity in the green and the red channels was measured within a cytoplasmic area (YFP signal and AF-594 signal), and within an area outside the cells (background). In the graph, the intensity of the YFP and AF-594 fluorophores for each cell was plotted against each other using Excel, and the best-fitting trend lines (highest R2) were added. At similar expression levels (YFP intensity), the level of pY1092 is higher for YFP-EGFR-ICD bearing the Del746 mutation (white squares) than for the wild type protein (circles). The V948R mutation (open triangles) virtually abrogated autophosphorylation. The experiment was repeated twice with similar results. Graph shows the data from one experiment. au: arbitrary units. Shorten Caption
Induction of BIM Is Essential for Apoptosis Triggered by EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Mutant EGFR-Dependent Lung Adenocarcinomas
Gong, Y., Somwar, R., Politi, K., Balak, M., Chmielecki, J., Jiang, X., Pao, W. (2007) PLoS Medicine.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 7. In Vivo Correlation of BIM/Bim Expression and Mutant EGFR Activity (A and B) Lung tumor-bearing mice that express a tetracycline-inducible L858R mutant (EGFRL858R) (A) or an exon 19 deletion mutant... Show Full CaptionFigure 7. In Vivo Correlation of BIM/Bim Expression and Mutant EGFR Activity (A and B) Lung tumor-bearing mice that express a tetracycline-inducible L858R mutant (EGFRL858R) (A) or an exon 19 deletion mutant (EGFRΔL747–S752) (B) were treated with a single dose of either vehicle control or 50 mg/kg erlotinib intraperitoneally. After 13 h, animals were sacrificed and lungs were harvested. Whole lung lysates (for EGFRL858R) or tumor nodule lysates (for EGFRΔL747–S752) were probed by immunoblotting using the indicated antibodies. C+/L+, CCSP-rtTA/tet-o-EGFRL858R bitransgenic mouse; C+/Del+, CCSP-rtTA/tet-o-EGFRΔL747-S752 bitransgenic mouse; pEGFR Y1092, EGFR phosphorylated at a tyrosine residue at position 1092). (C) Lungs from nontransgenic mice and lacking tumors were treated with placebo or erlotinib in the same manner and analyzed for BIM and EGFR expression status. C−/L−, nontransgenic mouse. (D) Nude mice bearing PC-9 xenografts were treated with either vehicle control or 25 mg/kg erlotinib intraperitoneally every 12 h × 2 doses. The xenografts were dissected 24 h after the first injection, and tumor lysates were probed by immunoblotting using the indicated antibodies. Shorten Caption
Hiraishi, Y., Wada, T., Nakatani, K., Tojyo, I., Matsumoto, T., Kiga, N., Negoro, K., Fujita, S. (2008) Pathology Oncology Research .
FIGURE CAPTION
Fig. 3. Total expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphorylated receptor (p-EGFR). Total expression of EGFR and p-EGFR was determined by Western blot analysis. Ten micrograms of total cellular lysates prepared from parental and cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant cells were resolved by electrophoresis, transferred to a PVDF membrane, and blotted with anti-EGFR and anti-p-EGFR antibodies as described in the Materials and methods section
Jab1 is a target of EGFR signaling in ERα-negative breast cancer
Wang, J., Barnes, R., West, N., Olson, M., Chu, J., Watson, P. (2008) Breast Cancer Research : BCR.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 5. Jab1 nuclear expression correlates with increased EGFR and S100A7 in breast tumors. EGFR, S100A7, and Jab1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in breast tumors represented within a tissue microarray. Representative staining is shown for all three markers and in three separate tumors.... Show Full CaptionFigure 5. Jab1 nuclear expression correlates with increased EGFR and S100A7 in breast tumors. EGFR, S100A7, and Jab1 were detected by immunohistochemistry in breast tumors represented within a tissue microarray. Representative staining is shown for all three markers and in three separate tumors. Tumor #188 (top row) shows high nuclear Jab1 expression associated with high EGFR and S100A7 expression. Tumor #226 (middle row) shows intermediate nuclear and cytoplasmic Jab1 expression associated with moderate EGFR and absence of S100A7 expression. Tumor #230 (bottom row) shows low nuclear but high cytoplasmic Jab1 expression associated with the absence of EGFR or S100A7 expression. EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; Jab1, c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1. Shorten Caption
The natural history of EGFR and EGFRvIII in glioblastoma patients
Heimberger, A., Suki, D., Yang, D., Shi, W., Aldape, K. (2005) Journal of Translational Medicine.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 1. Graph showing Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients who underwent sub-total resection followed by standard-of-care radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Patients with tumors not expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; n = 23; solid black line), expressing amplified EGFR (n = 14; dashed grey line), and expressing EGFRvIII (n =... Show Full CaptionFigure 1. Graph showing Kaplan-Meier estimates of overall survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients who underwent sub-total resection followed by standard-of-care radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Patients with tumors not expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; n = 23; solid black line), expressing amplified EGFR (n = 14; dashed grey line), and expressing EGFRvIII (n = 17; dotted black line) had median overall survival times of 12.3 (95% CI, 8.04–16.56), 11.03 (95% CI, 10.18–11.89), and 14.07 (95% CI, 7.39–20.74) months, respectively, which were not statistically significantly different. Shorten Caption
Functional analysis of cancer-associated EGFR mutants using a cellular assay with YFP-tagged EGFR intracellular domain
de Gunst, M., Gallegos-Ruiz, M., Giaccone, G., Rodriguez, J. (2007) Molecular Cancer.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 2. Activation of Akt and Erk pathways in cells expressing mutant YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746. A. Panels show representative images (400X) of MCF-7 cells expressing YFP-EGFR-ICD wild type, Del746 or V948R, analyzed by immunofluorescence to detect phosphorylated Akt (pAkt). Phosphorylation of endogenous Akt was... Show Full CaptionFigure 2. Activation of Akt and Erk pathways in cells expressing mutant YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746. A. Panels show representative images (400X) of MCF-7 cells expressing YFP-EGFR-ICD wild type, Del746 or V948R, analyzed by immunofluorescence to detect phosphorylated Akt (pAkt). Phosphorylation of endogenous Akt was only detected in cells expressing the Del746-bearing protein. B. A similar analysis was carried out to detect phosphorylated ERK (pERK). Only cells expressing YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746 contained detectable levels of endogenous pERK. Exposure time is indicated inside the panels. DNA was counterstained with Hoechst. C. Images (400X) illustrate two morphological characteristics of Akt phosphorylation in cells expressing YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746. On one hand, pAkt showed a preferential localization to membrane ruffles, and often accumulated at the tip of lamellipodial protrusions (arrowhead). On the other hand, cells expressing high (cell#1) or low (cell#2) levels of YFP-EGFR-ICD Del746, often contained similar levels of pAkt. Shorten Caption
Id-1: Regulator of EGFR and VEGF and potential target for colorectal cancer therapy
Meteoglu, I., Meydan, N., Erkus, M. (2008) Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 1. Differential staining intensity of Id-1, EGFR and VEGF between non-tumoural colorectal tissues and colorectal carcinoma specimens (A-E-I). 2-Images of Id-1 (B-C-D), EGFR (F-G-H) and VEGF (J-K-L) expressions in different grades of colorectal carcinoma. Note that increased Id-1, EGFR and VEGF expressions are associated with increased tumour grade.
Functional analysis of cancer-associated EGFR mutants using a cellular assay with YFP-tagged EGFR intracellular domain
de Gunst, M., Gallegos-Ruiz, M., Giaccone, G., Rodriguez, J. (2007) Molecular Cancer.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 4. Testing the kinase activity and erlotinib sensitivity of uncommon EGFR mutants using the YFP-EGFR-ICD assay. A. Partial amino acid sequence of EGFR exon 20 and exon 21 illustrating the location of the mutations examined (red letters). B. Kinase activity and... Show Full CaptionFigure 4. Testing the kinase activity and erlotinib sensitivity of uncommon EGFR mutants using the YFP-EGFR-ICD assay. A. Partial amino acid sequence of EGFR exon 20 and exon 21 illustrating the location of the mutations examined (red letters). B. Kinase activity and erlotinib sensitivity of different exon 20 mutations. Graph shows that autophosphorylation levels are lower for T790M (white diamonds) than for S768I (white squares) or Ins770SVD (black triangles). Low expression levels hampered the accurate evaluation of Ins774HV (black circles). Images show that YFP-EGFR T790M did not effectively induce phosphorylation of endogenous Akt in MCF-7 cells, and did not relocate into fibrils upon erlotinib treatment. S768I-induced pAkt was inhibited by 100 nM erlotinib and the ectopic protein relocated into fibrils at 1 μM. The phosphorylation of Akt induced by exon 20 insertions was only inhibited at 10 μM erlotinib. This drug concentration also induced relocation of YFP-EGFR-ICD Ins770SVD into fibrils. C. Kinase activity and erlotinib sensitivity of different exon 21 mutations. Graph shows that the common L858R mutation confers higher autophosphorylation levels to YFP-EGFR-ICD than P848L and A859T. Images show that, unlike L858R, these uncommon exon 21 mutants did not induce phosphorylation of endogenous Akt. Erlotinib blocked L858R-induced pAkt at 10 nM, and caused relocation of the ectopic protein into fibrils at 100 nM. Both effects were readily abrogated by the TKI-resistant mutation T790M. In all cases, data corresponding to one experiment are shown. Each EGFR mutant was tested at least twice with similar results. Shorten Caption
Radiation-induced caveolin-1 associated EGFR internalization is linked with nuclear EGFR transport and activation of DNA-PK
Dittmann, K., Mayer, C., Kehlbach, R., Rodemann, H. (2008) Molecular Cancer.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 1. Radiation induced caveolin-1 linked EGFR internalization is triggered by src kinase. Confluent A549 cells were irradiated with 4 Gy (A). At the time points given, src protein was immune-precipitated from cytoplasmic protein fraction. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and after blotting the... Show Full CaptionFigure 1. Radiation induced caveolin-1 linked EGFR internalization is triggered by src kinase. Confluent A549 cells were irradiated with 4 Gy (A). At the time points given, src protein was immune-precipitated from cytoplasmic protein fraction. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and after blotting the protein amounts of src, caveolin1 and EGFR were quantified. The same procedure was applied after cell stimulation with EGF (B). Phosphorylation of EGFR at the tyrosine No. 845, 992 and 1173 was quantified with help of specific antibodies following a standard western procedure. Equal protein amounts for immune-precipitation were documented by showing actin expression within aliquots of input proteins. (C). Protein expression was quantified by densitometry and shown as fold-induction relative to untreated control. The mean protein expression derived from three experiments was given below each band. Shorten Caption
Radiation-induced caveolin-1 associated EGFR internalization is linked with nuclear EGFR transport and activation of DNA-PK
Dittmann, K., Mayer, C., Kehlbach, R., Rodemann, H. (2008) Molecular Cancer.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 2. Stabilization of caveolin1/EGFR complex in cytoplasm after incubation with EGFR inhibitory antibody Erbitux. Confluent A549 cells were treated with human IgG or EGFR inhibitory antibody Erbitux at a concentration of 30 nM for 1 h. Subsequently cells were irradiated with 4... Show Full CaptionFigure 2. Stabilization of caveolin1/EGFR complex in cytoplasm after incubation with EGFR inhibitory antibody Erbitux. Confluent A549 cells were treated with human IgG or EGFR inhibitory antibody Erbitux at a concentration of 30 nM for 1 h. Subsequently cells were irradiated with 4 Gy and cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins were isolated at time points given. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and after blotting EGFR protein was quantified with help of a specific antibody. Experiments were performed three times; shown are representative results. Equal protein input for immune-precipitation was documented by showing actin expression within aliquots of input proteins. Expression of specific proteins was quantified by densitometry and shown as fold-induction relative to untreated control. Shorten Caption
Induction of BIM Is Essential for Apoptosis Triggered by EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Mutant EGFR-Dependent Lung Adenocarcinomas
Gong, Y., Somwar, R., Politi, K., Balak, M., Chmielecki, J., Jiang, X., Pao, W. (2007) PLoS Medicine.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 1. Effects of Erlotinib on EGFR Signaling Pathways in H3255, PC-9, H1650, and H1975 Cells Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of erlotinib for 6 h. Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting, using the indicated antibodies. t, total protein; p, phospho-protein.
Stratification of non-small cell lung cancer patients for therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: the EGFR fluorescence in situ hybridization assay
Varella-Garcia, M. (2006) Diagnostic Pathology.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 2. Distinct types of EGFR gene amplification identified in non-small cell lung carcinomas using the EGFR SpectrumOrange/CEP 7 SpectrumGreen FISH probe (Vysis/Abbott Molecular): A. Large EGFR gene clusters; B. Co-localized clusters of EGFR and CEP7 signals; C. Large and bright EGFR signal, larger than the CEP 7 signals in tumor cells; D. High frequency of balanced EGFR and CEP 7 signals.
Genomic activation of the EGFR and HER2-neu genes in a significant proportion of invasive epithelial ovarian cancers
Vermeij, J., Teugels, E., Bourgain, C., Xiangming, J., in 't Veld, P., Ghislain, V., Neyns, B., De Grève, J. (2008) BMC Cancer.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 1. Immunohistochemical and FISH analysis of EGFR and HER2-neu on ovarian tumours. A-C : Immunohistochemistry for EGFR and HER2-neu protein expression on paraffin sections from ovarian tumours (all 400× magnification). Examples of an EGFR score 0 (A), EGFR 3+ overexpression... Show Full CaptionFigure 1. Immunohistochemical and FISH analysis of EGFR and HER2-neu on ovarian tumours. A-C : Immunohistochemistry for EGFR and HER2-neu protein expression on paraffin sections from ovarian tumours (all 400× magnification). Examples of an EGFR score 0 (A), EGFR 3+ overexpression (B) and HER2-neu 3+ overexpression (C). D-F : Fluorescence in situ hybridisation for the EGFR and HER2-neu gene on frozen sections from ovarian tumours (all 630× magnification). Examples of a tumour without EGFR amplification (D), a tumour showing polysomy 7 (E) and a tumour with HER2-neu amplification showing clusters of multiple gene copies (F). Shorten Caption
EGFR associated expression profiles vary with breast tumor subtype
Hoadley, K., Weigman, V., Fan, C., Sawyer, L., He, X., Troester, M., Sartor, C., Rieger-House, T., Bernard, P., Carey, L., Perou, C. (2007) BMC Genomics.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 5. EGFR pathway diagram displayed for each breast tumor subtype. The average gene expression value for each gene within each subtype is displayed for the EGFR-pathway and for the three EGFR-activation profiles using the UNC 248 tumor dataset. Eight genes from the middle... Show Full CaptionFigure 5. EGFR pathway diagram displayed for each breast tumor subtype. The average gene expression value for each gene within each subtype is displayed for the EGFR-pathway and for the three EGFR-activation profiles using the UNC 248 tumor dataset. Eight genes from the middle of each of the three EGFR-activation clusters were used to view expression of the clusters in each of the subtypes. A pink node border identifies the genes that showed statistically significant associations with subtype. *Note: the NKI HER4 data spot was used since HER4 was not present in the UNC data set. A) Luminal A, B) Luminal B, C) HER2+/ER- and D) Basal-like. Shorten Caption
Induction of BIM Is Essential for Apoptosis Triggered by EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Mutant EGFR-Dependent Lung Adenocarcinomas
Gong, Y., Somwar, R., Politi, K., Balak, M., Chmielecki, J., Jiang, X., Pao, W. (2007) PLoS Medicine.
FIGURE CAPTION
Figure 4. BIM Status Is Dramatically Altered by Inhibition of EGFR Kinase Activity in Cells Dependent upon Mutant EGFR Signaling for Survival (A) Effects of erlotinib treatment on proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins... Show Full CaptionFigure 4. BIM Status Is Dramatically Altered by Inhibition of EGFR Kinase Activity in Cells Dependent upon Mutant EGFR Signaling for Survival (A) Effects of erlotinib treatment on proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins in H3255 cells. H3255 cells were treated with different concentrations of erlotinib for 24 h. Cell lysates were examined by immunoblotting using antibodies specific for the indicated proteins. (B) Erlotinib induces dephosphorylation and increased levels of BIM in drug-sensitive PC-9 cells but not in drug-resistant H1650 or H1975 cells. Cells were treated with different concentrations of erlotinib for 24 h. Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting with antibodies that recognize the indicated proteins. (C) Increased gene transcription contributes to the induction of BIM protein expression after erlotinib treatment. H3255 cells were treated with erlotinib (100 nM) in the presence or absence of actinomycin D (5 μg/ml) for the indicated times. Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting using the indicated antibodies. (D) Multiple EGFR kinase inhibitors affect BIM status. H3255 (left blot) and PC-9 (right blot) cells were treated with erlotinib (100 nM), gefitinib (1 μM), or CL-387,785 (100 nM) for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Cell lysates were analyzed by immunoblotting with antibodies that recognize the indicated proteins. Shorten Caption